Online Control of Cell Culture Redox Potential Prevents Antibody Interchain Disulfide Bond Reduction.

The phenomenon of monoclonal antibody (mAb) interchain disulfide bond reduction during manufacturing processes continues to be a focus of the biotechnology industry due to the potential for loss of product, increased complexity of purification processes, and reduced stability of the drug product.

We hypothesized that antibody reduction can be mitigated by controlling the cell culture redox potential and subsequently established a threshold redox potential above which the mAb remained intact and below which there were significant and highly variable amounts of reduced mAb. Using this knowledge, we developed three control schemes to prevent mAb reduction in the bioreactor by controlling the cell culture redox potential via an online redox probe.

Bone and cartilage tumor tissue array with bone tissue

BO481a each
EUR 198
Description: Bone and cartilage tumor tissue array with bone tissue, including TNM and clinical stage, 48 cores/48 cases, replacing BO481

Bone Glaprotein (BGP)

E62K004 20ug
EUR 225

Bone Marrow antibody

10R-7946 100 ug
EUR 586.8
Description: Mouse monoclonal Bone Marrow antibody

Bone Matrix Proteins

20-abx265965
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  • 10 mg
  • 25 mg
  • 5 mg

Bone Matrix Proteins

5-00844 4 x 5mg Ask for price

Bone sialoprotein 2

AP89478 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone sialoprotein 2

AP87806 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone sialoprotein 2

AP87916 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone sialoprotein 2

AP87966 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone sialoprotein 2

AP88388 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone sialoprotein 2

AP78800 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone marrow proteoglycan

AP86822 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone marrow proteoglycan

AP86888 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone marrow proteoglycan

AP87211 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

E19-7738-1 50ug/50ul
EUR 145
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

E19-7738-2 100ug/100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

DF7738 200ul
EUR 420

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

DF7738-100ul 100ul
EUR 280

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

DF7738-200ul 200ul
EUR 350

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

45125-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

45125-50ul 50ul
EUR 224.4

Bone Sialoprotein Antibody

ABD7738 100 ug
EUR 525.6

Rat Bone, long cDNA *

RD-107 30 reactions
EUR 395

Dog Bone Marrow RNA*

DR-704 0.05mg
EUR 235

Cat Bone Marrow cDNA

FD-704 30 Reactions
EUR 319

Dog Bone Marrow cDNA*

DD-704 30 Reactions
EUR 319

Rat Bone Marrow CD90

ABC-TC4083 1 vial Ask for price
Description: The CD90+ cells are isolated via immunomagnetic method from purified density-rich bone marrow mononuclear cells.

Rat Bone Marrow cDNA *

RD-704 30 reactions
EUR 280

Rat Bone, Calvaria cDNA *

RD-108 30 reactions
EUR 395

Bovine Bone Marrow cDNA*

BD-704 30 reactions
EUR 243

BOVINE, FEMUR BONE, FRESH

8600823 1EA
EUR 80.27

Bone marrow tissue array

BM241b each
EUR 66
Description: Bone marrow tissue array, 12 cases/24 cores, replacing BM241a

Human Bone Marrow Plasma

ABC-TC3517 1 pack Ask for price
Description: Human bone marrow plasma is the liquid component of blood. Bone marrow plasma consists of dissolved proteins, glucose, clotting agents, minerals, hormones, and carbon dioxide. It makes up approximately 55% of the whole bone marrow suspension. This whole bone marrow plasma is isolated from a single donor. The plasma is separated out from the whole bone marrow (sent separately) and immediately frozen at -80°C in order to preserve its contents. Whole bone marrow plasma enables researchers to investigate specific components of bone marrow at the molecular level.Development period: Postnatal

PORCINE, FEMUR BONE, FRESH

8604923 1EA
EUR 74.42

BOVINE, FEMUR BONE, FROZEN

8620823 1EA
EUR 80.27

MiniPig Bone Marrow cDNA

ND-704 30 reactions
EUR 176

PORCINE, FEMUR BONE, FROZEN

8624923 1EA
EUR 74.42

Rat Bone Marrow Fibroblast

ABC-TC4084 1 vial Ask for price
Description: Rat bone marrow fibroblasts, 3-week Wistar rat

Rat Bone Marrow Leukocytes

ABC-TC4085 1 vial Ask for price
Description: Rat bone marrow leukocytes (RBMLC) are derived from the tibias and femurs of Sprague–Dawley rats. RBMLC are mixed population of rat bone marrow cells. Each vial contains at least 10x10^6 cells and is delivered frozen.

Bone Membrane Tumor Lysate

XBL-10493 0.1 mg
EUR 1023
Description: Human bone tissue membrane protein lysate was prepared by isolating the membrane protein from whole tissue homogenates using a proprietary technique. The human bone tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The membrane protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the isolated bone tissue membrane protein pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The isolated bone tissue membrane protein is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody to confirm there is no signal or very weak signal.

Rat Bone Marrow Macrophages

ABC-TC4086 1 vial Ask for price
Description: Rat bone marrow macrophages (RPBMMACs) are derived from the tibias and femurs of Sprague–Dawley rats. RPBMMACs are grown in 100 mm treated tissue culture dish and incubated in Culture Complete Growth Medium for 10-15 days. Cultures are then expanded.

Rat Bone Marrow Neutrophils

ABC-TC4088 1 vial Ask for price
Description: Rat Bone Marrow Neutrophils are derived from the tibias and femurs of week-5 Sprague–Dawley Rats. Rat Bone Marrow Neutrophils are immediately cryo-preserved or fresh cells in suspension after isolation. Each vial contains at least 10 x10^6 cells and is delivered frozen.Rat Bone Marrow Neutrophils are negative for bacteria, yeast, fungi, and mycoplasma and are ready for experiments under the cell culture conditions specified by Gentaur. Repeated freezing and thawing of cells is not recommended.Standard biochemical procedures performed include the assays of cell to cell interaction, PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining, immunofluorescent flow cytometry or generating cell derivatives for desired research applications.Rat Bone Marrow Neutrophils can be used in standard biochemical procedures include PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, or cell derivatives for desired research applications.

Active Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

APB092Hu61 10ug
EUR 301

Bone morphogenetic protein 6

AP80726 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 5

AP80870 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 10

AP80886 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 3B

AP80899 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 15

AP80948 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 1

AP80961 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

AP80962 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 10

AP80991 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

AP80992 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

AP81033 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 7

AP81034 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

AP81071 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

AP81101 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 15

AP81106 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 3B

AP81137 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

AP81146 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 3B

AP81149 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 6

AP81153 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 6

AP81154 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 5

AP81162 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 15

AP81179 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 1

AP81207 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

AP81208 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 7

AP81209 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

AP81324 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

AP78322 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 7

AP78665 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 10

AP78810 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone morphogenetic protein 3B

AP78835 1mg
EUR 2640

Bone Cytoplasmic Tumor Lysate

XBL-10492 0.1 mg
EUR 273.3
Description: Human bone tissue cytoplasmic protein lysate was prepared by isolating the cytoplasmic protein from whole tissue homogenates using a proprietary technique. The human bone tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The cytoplasmic protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, glycerol, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the isolated bone tissue cytoplasmic protein pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The isolated bone tissue cytoplasmic protein is then Western analyzed by GAPDH antibody, and the expression level is consistent with each lot.

Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) Antibody

20-abx175605
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  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) Antibody

20-abx175606
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  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) Antibody

20-abx175607
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  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) Antibody

20-abx171455
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  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

Bone Sialoprotein (IBSP) Antibody

20-abx216122
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  • 100 ug
  • 50 ug

Rat Bone, long Total RNA

RR-107 0.025mg
EUR 341

Bone Tissue Slide (Chondrosarcoma)

12-907-10um 10 um
EUR 241.8

Bone Tissue Slide (Chondrosarcoma)

12-907-4um 4 um
EUR 216.6

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

EPB092Hu61 10ug
EUR 261

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

EPB092Hu62 10ug
EUR 263

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

EPB092Mu61 10ug
EUR 210

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU58873-100ug 100ug
EUR 705.6

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU58873-1mg 1mg
EUR 3276

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU58873-50ug 50ug
EUR 519.8

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU59089-100ug 100ug
EUR 975.2

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU59089-1mg 1mg
EUR 3814.2

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU59089-50ug 50ug
EUR 609.6

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU59090-100ug 100ug
EUR 982.7

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU59090-1mg 1mg
EUR 3843.5

Eukaryotic Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU59090-50ug 50ug
EUR 614.3

IBSP Antibody / Bone Sialoprotein2

R30987 100 ug
EUR 356.15
Description: Integrin-binding sialoprotein, also known as Bone sialoprotein and BSP, is a major structural protein of the bone matrix. Bone sialoprotein is a predicted 35KD acidic glycoprotein that undergoes extensive posttranslational modifications and is visualized by western blot at up to 70KD. It constitutes approximately 12% of the noncollagenous proteins in human bone and is synthesized by skeletal-associated cell types, including hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The only extraskeletal site of its synthesis is the trophoblast. This protein binds to calcium and hydroxyapatite via its acidic amino acid clusters, and mediates cell attachment through an RGD sequence that recognizes the vitronectin receptor. The BSP gene is mapped to 4q22.1.

Mouse CD1 Bone, long cDNA *

MD-107 30 reactions
EUR 395

Mouse BLC Bone, long cDNA *

MD-107-BLC 30 reactions
EUR 434

Mouse C57 Bone, long cDNA *

MD-107-C57 30 reactions
EUR 434

Villanueva Osteochrome Bone Stain

16280-450 450ml
EUR 196
Description: 7732-18-5

Recombinant Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU55268-100ug 100ug
EUR 556.6

Recombinant Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU55268-1mg 1mg
EUR 2467.4

Recombinant Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPU55268-50ug 50ug
EUR 447.7

Recombinant Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPB092Hu01 10ug
EUR 181

Recombinant Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

4-RPB092Hu01
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  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Bone Sialoprotein expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Bone Sialoprotein (BSP)

RPB092Mu02 10ug
EUR 140

Cat Bone Marrow Total RNA*

FR-704 0.05mg
EUR 235

Rat Bone Marrow Total RNA

RR-704 0.025mg
EUR 214

Bone Sialoprotein Blocking Peptide

DF7738-BP 1mg
EUR 234

Bone disease spectrum (Osteosarcoma

BO2081 each
EUR 546
Description: Bone disease spectrum (Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Myeloma, Ewing's sarcoma, Chordoma, Adamantinoma of long bones, Adamantinoma of mandible, Osteoblastoma, Giant cell tumor, Chondroma, Fibrous dysplasia, Aneurysmal bone cyst) and cancer ajdacent normal bone tissue array, 104 cases/208 cores

Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Antibody

GWB-35D182 0.1 mg Ask for price

Bone Dissociation System 1 (Chondrocytes, Neonatal bone, Osteoblastlike cells), Mouse and Rat

4-20211 ea Ask for price

Mouse CD1 Bone Marrow cDNA *

MD-704 30 reactions
EUR 280

Mouse BLC Bone Marrow cDNA *

MD-704-BLC 30 reactions
EUR 319

Mouse C57 Bone Marrow cDNA *

MD-704-C57 30 reactions
EUR 319

Bone marrow, adjacent normal bone marrow tissue (5 slides/pack, single section/slide)

S-HuFPT182 1 unit
EUR 95

Rat Bone, Calvaria Total RNA

RR-108 0.025mg
EUR 341

Rat Bone, long Total Protein*

RT-107 0.5mg
EUR 319

Human Bone Marrow Total RNA

HR-704 0.05mg
EUR 319

Bone Sialoprotein Conjugated Antibody

C45125 100ul
EUR 476.4

Bovine Bone Marrow Total RNA*

BR-704 0.05mg
EUR 160

Human CD34+ Bone Marrow Cells

ABC-TC3558 1 vial Ask for price
Description: Human CD34+ bone marrow cells are derived from whole bone marrow and purified using magnetic cell separation. Human CD34+ bone marrow cells may be from a single or multiple donors and are 95% pure populations as confirmed by FACS analysis.

Human Bone Marrow CD34+ Cells

ABC-TC3117 1 vial Ask for price
Description: Bone Marrow-CD34+ stem/progenitor cells are positively isolated using a direct immunomagnetic CD34 MicroBead labeling system.

cDNA - Human Tumor Tissue: Bone

C1235023-10 10 reactions
EUR 301

Dog Bone Marrow Total Protein

DT-704 0.5mg
EUR 176

Cat Bone Marrow Total Protein

FT-704 0.5mg
EUR 176

Human Bone Marrow CD133+ Cells

ABC-TC3115 1 vial Ask for price
Description: Bone Marrow CD133+ Progenitor cells are positively isolated using a direct immunomagnetic CD133 MicroBead labeling system. The majority of CD133+ cells express the CD34 marker as well.

Rat Bone, long Frozen Sections*

RF-107 10 slides
EUR 393

Rat Bone Marrow Total Protein*

RT-704 0.5mg
EUR 198

Human Bone Marrow Genomic DNA

HG-704 0.05mg
EUR 319

Osteo-Bed Bone Embedding Kit

17734-1 1kit
EUR 246

Monkey Bone Marrow cDNA, Rhesus

UD-704 30 reactions
EUR 446

Rat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E01A10475 96T
EUR 700
Description: ELISA

Dog Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E08B0392-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Dog Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E08B0392-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Dog Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E08B0392-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Pig Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E07B0392-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Pig Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E07B0392-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Pig Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E07B0392-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E02B0392-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E02B0392-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Rat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E02B0392-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Human Bone sialoprotein 2 (IBSP)

1-CSB-EP010945HU(A4)
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  • 100ug
  • 10ug
  • 1MG
  • 200ug
  • 500ug
  • 50ug
Description: Recombinant Human Bone sialoprotein 2 (IBSP),partial expressed in E.coli

Normal bone marrow tissue array

BM481a each
EUR 234
Description: Normal bone marrow tissue array, 24 cases/48 cores, replacing BM481

Rat Bone Marrow Frozen Sections

RF-704 10 slides
EUR 393

Rat Bone, Calvaria Total Protein*

RT-108 0.5mg
EUR 319

Human Bone Marrow Total Protein*

HT-704 0.1mg
EUR 293

Rat Bone, long Paraffin Sections*

RP-107 10 slides
EUR 393

Osteo-Bed Bone Embedding Resin

17734A-900 900ml
EUR 182
Description: 80-62-6

Goat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E01A45387 96T
EUR 700
Description: ELISA

Goat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E06B0392-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Goat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E06B0392-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Goat Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E06B0392-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Bovine Bone Marrow Total Protein

BT-704 0.5mg
EUR 153

Rat WS Bone, long Total RNA

RR-107-WS 0.025mg
EUR 341

Sheep Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E01A97680 96T
EUR 700
Description: ELISA

Mouse Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E03B0392-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Mouse Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E03B0392-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Mouse Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E03B0392-96 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 822
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Human Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E01B0392-192T 192 tests
EUR 1524
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Human Bone Sialoprotein ELISA kit

E01B0392-48 1 plate of 48 wells
EUR 624
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Bone Sialoprotein in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

These control methodologies functioned by increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), copper (II) (Cu), or both DO and Cu to maintain the redox potential above the threshold value. Using these methods, we were able to demonstrate successful control of antibody reduction. Importantly, the redox control strategies did not significantly impact the cell growth, viability, mAb production, or product quality attributes including aggregates, C-terminal lysine, high mannose, deamidation and glycation.

Our results demonstrate that controlling the cell culture redox potential is a simple and effective method to prevent mAb reduction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.